Abstract:
We report velocities of meridional motions derived from the latitude drifts of spot groups measured on photographic images of the Sun in the Kodaikanal observatory archives. They serve to measure different meridional flows for spot groups anchored at different depths. Comparison of spot-group rotation rates with the rotation profile resulting from helioseismic inversions yields estimates of the anchoring depths. The measured latitudinal drifts correspond to meridional flows at these depths. They show evidence of return meridional flows as required in a flux-transport dynamo.
