In this paper it is suggested that inclusion of mutual gravitational interactions among the particles in the early dense universe can lead to a ‘pre-big bang’ scenario, with particle masses greater than the Planck mass ...

We propose a novel mechanism where primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter is formed much later in the history of the universe, between the epochs of Big Bang nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background photon decoupling. ...

We introduce the numbers of hot and cold spots, n/subh/ and n/subc/, of excursion sets of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature anisotropy maps as statistical observables that can discriminate different ...