An upper limit on the ratio between the extreme ultraviolet and the bolometric luminosities of stars hosting habitable planets

Abstract

An abundance analysis is reported of 58-K giants identified by Famaey et al. ( 2005 , A&A, 430, 165) as highly probable members of the Hercules stream selected from stars north of the celestial equator in the Hipparcos catalogue. The giants have compositions spanning the interval [Fe/H] from − 0.17 to + 0.42 with a mean value of + 0.15 and relative elemental abundances [El/Fe] representative of the Galactic thin disc. Selection effects may have biased the selection from the Hipparcos catalogue against the selection of metal-poor stars. Our reconsideration of the recent extensive survey by Bensby et al. of FG dwarfs, including metal- poor stars, provides a [Fe/H] distribution for the Hercules stream, which is similar to that from the 58 giants. It appears that the stream is dominated by metal-rich stars from the thin disc. We discuss suggestions in the literature that the stream includes metal-poor stars from the thick disc.